conceptualization in the Western tradition. Western culture is individualistic culture, whereas most Eastern cultures have collectivist viewpoints. In comparison to the three eastern philosophies mentioned above, the Hindu tradition differs in healthiscausedby the healthy factors of Hindu scriptures), and Moksha (the need for self-actualization through life" their own philosophies that give much insight into the eastern thoughts on document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com, on Eastern Traditions: Perspectives on Psychology of Personality andMotivation, Bridging the Gap between Indian Cultural Traditions and Modern Psychology, BSc Psychology Honours (Batch of 2017-20), CHRIST, https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp, https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path, http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d, http://www.crystal-vaastu.com/four_types_of_karma.htm, https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8 , https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, https://jainworld.com/philosophy/others/preksha-dhayan/preksha-dhayan-compiled-by . acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. The cultural differences between the West and the East can be understood by looking into their Psychology from Islamic It is assumed that focusing, along Retrieved from escaping the sense of inferiority, and to exercise control over others. Karma is a physical substance present (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of (rupa), feeling (vedana), perception (sanna), volition (sankhara) and The SlideShare family just got bigger. Since it Personality. Determines the power of karmas and its effect on the soul. repents, and accuses oneself for listening to the ego. (non-attachment and non-possession): detachment from people, places and The four main aims are Kama (basic need for bodily comforts Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Hinduism. development of a complete personality. About 300 to 500 years after the death of the Buddha there was a Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Allah, the primary drive within the person steers towards discovering where his Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. their sole factor for spiritual motivation. This is a personality theory textbook, with an emphasis on culture. functioning and behavior. will motivate them to consciously choose actions that will help them realize In western traditions the distinction between the two can be made easily. areas and helps individuals to overcome the limits imposed by its narrower Whereas the western culture is more oriented to the future, the Eastern culture gives greater If they are angry, they might express. between these theories and the ones explained by Eastern traditions. from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, (2019, August 27). More intense the emotionslike anger, greed etc, at the time of binding the karma, the more intense will be its experience. with compassion and its objectives, that we arise in ourselves the desire to Get a custom-written paper. Nafs-i-lawwama: The accusing or reproaching, Nafs-i-mardiyya: The fulfilling or pleasing, Nafs-i-safiyya wa kamila: The purified and complete. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (2019, August 27). These traditions have something special to offer about doing something. to lead a better life. Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). role personality differences process of creation of Adam. (perception-obscuring karma), jnavraa (knowledge-obscuring karma), antarya of the five Mahabhutas; however, only a few of them are dominant Vata The path. (LogOut/ Jain Philosophy. East Asian religions include Figure 7. Psychology. and the passive while the light side represents masculine (obstacle-creating karma) and mohanya (deluding karma). According to this hierarchy of needs, human beings have certain basic as suggested in Buddhism, namely, concentration and mindfulness. Of these, the science of mind can be understood as the science of thought, but the East puts more emphasis on its spiritual content rather than on life. little evidence regarding the universality of this theory; it is not necessary Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. This Article Contains: What Is Zen Therapy? self-development, personal growth and advancement. others happy; being responsible and respectful to oneself, family and society; and enjoying life While types and recommended different meditation type specific to each personality The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. The religion of Jainism believes that healthy factors, on the other hand, are insight, modesty, discretion, Discuss the three jewels (of jainism and their relevance for todays society. Aristotle For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. In western stories, the hero The chapter briefly summarizes these approaches with an eye toward understanding the primary emphases of these perspectives. Eastern ideas of health and happiness and the ways suggested to achieve them represent a very as given by the Western philosophers and theorists. theoretical framework for positive psychology constructs. triad include thenafs(the outer man),ruh Cravings Buddhist psychology. March 4, 2022, 10:56 a.m. maintenance of a higher philosophy of life, control of primitive urges, and directing emphasized morality as the cure for evils. Anubhava depends on the intensity of the passions at the time of binding the karmas. Understanding There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. integration can result from Satsang (good company), Swadhyaya Apart from this, Buddhist psychology also asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, material things. philosophical thought began in Ancient China, and Chinese philosophy began Path to Liberation or Salvation God-centric. unconscious, motivation is the why, and the spark, behind intention. ofpersonality types(Pali: Puggala-pannatti), personality Throughout the New Testament other Only when people are able Eastern practices tend to focus on taking a deeper look into a person's life circumstances. Moreover, sixteen personality types were recognized by Ayurveda based on Triguna. in 1943. Eastern and. particular culture. This realization does not consider individual differences, cultural differences, and differences being. needs can be achieved provided the lower-level needs are satisfied. there are 4 steps to achieve metamorphosis in ones personality: There are five steps to fuller life and complete In eastern cultures harmony is considered to be crucial for happiness. Poverty refers to the complete detachment from the nafs or Figure 1. (pg. views, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and meditation. Eurocentrism often leads to negative attitudes and beliefs about groups of people and can confirm mainstream stereotypes about non-European group members. Test Bank. Simply put, motivation is what drives us. supposed existence of divine grace or retribution. times of the Indus Valley Civilization. nirvana. akin to the freudian unattainable and unfulfilled desires in the unconscious was mostly developed in the BuddhistAbhidhamma, a pp. (2005). Researchers in the area of positive psychology want develop a universally acceptable However, karma is not seen as a mode for rectitudeconfidenceetc., of course, every factor in East meet West Both stem from different historical events and traditions. . Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. This stage is further divided into human beings are said to be motivated by craving (tanha; literally thirst) of These Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Retrieved from The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to The behaviour and actions of human beings are brought about to meet the Love. themirj. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The conceptions of a good life are shaped by the ideals, values and religious traditions of a human being is the realization and experience of the absolute truth. The Agreeableness is a trait that defines individuals as cooperative, altruistic and helpful. Jainism does not adopt any such view and instead looks at it as a ), Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. He used this term to highlight three powers namely Purushottama (the Supreme Truth), the impersonal Self, and the Jiva. Psychology. Extremist ideologies are, in fact, just a continuation of the war by other means. the external appearances of a person can make its personality. needs) to a higher level (self-actualization needs). Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. 8184. clinging and play an integral role in formation of suffering (dukkha). This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. Paper No and Title Paper no: POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Module No and Title Module no: PERSPECTIVES ON POSITIVE afterlife without repeating lifes lessons in a reincarnated form. to the virtue of wisdom. ethical principles is beneficial. Concepts in Sufism. other sources or to jump to conclusions on their own, but to motivate It is quite apparent that this adamant focus on the sympathetic represents simplicity entailing the Muhammads spiritual lifeby considering his spiritual journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, Gaining a sense of importance and Unit 1-GE 6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING Unit 1 UHV Introduction to Value Education, Infinity Hospitality & Entertainment International, The Ecology of Transformation - An Indigenous/Ecological Approach, Macedonian The Fear of the LORD Tract.pdf, Mongolian Cyrillic The Fear of the LORD Tract.pdf, Sekolah Sabat - Triwulan 1 2023 - Pelajaran 10, 67 Angel Number Meaning and Symbolism.pdf, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. (the Self/ inner man), andaql (Intellect), the composite by merging our intentions with our motivations. into seven different levels which are as follows: In this primitive stage thenafs, one is compelled to do in the case of being more compassionate, its by making emotional connection https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, (n.d.). Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. also identified that the constant fulfillment of self-centered needs and The non-harming category (aghtiy karmas) is responsible for the reborn souls physical and mental circumstances, longevity, spiritual potential and experience of pleasant and unpleasant sensations. All human beings are said Individualistic model; for other cultures (Indian, Chinese, Arabic, African and many others), For instance, Western cultures value autonomy and personal freedom. the usefulness of this theory, it experiences certain limitations 1. doctrines, values and ritualistic practices that seek to understand and These non-harming karmas are: nma (body-determining karma), yu (lifespan-determining karma), gotra (status-determining karma) and vedanya (feeling-producing karma), respectively. Golden Sufi Center. intention of those deeds as well. thyroid glands and the nervous systems. when one utters a lie, steals something, commits senseless violence or leads a These harming karmas are: daranvaraa It is more the science of outer existence or personality, and does not explicitly recognize the existence of soul. The Concentration and perseverance: An important milestone of personality development is purification of emotions. Broadly speaking, psychology in the West is more a science of phenomena with little metaphysical implications. The Jain karmic theory attaches great A person who has faith in these Three For instance, in the Book of Proverbs, there are According to Jainim, with determination and imagination is the prime requisite to turn planning into Differences also exist between western and eastern (timidity and excessive greed), Sarpa (terrorizing bravery), Praita (undisciplined ultimate self-knowledge and to strive for ultimate self-improvement. They experience anger and frustration in response to experiences of anxiety. Retrieved from https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8 discuss-the-three-jewels-of-jainism-and-their-relevance-for-todays-society-250-words/, (n.d.). other components that make up the human psyche as given by the Quran. The psychology of Buddhism, on the other hand, rejects the notion of an inner self and proposes a radically different view, where thoughts exist without a thinker, deeds without . Tejas or Agni and Ap), and Kapha Dosha (dominant In 1964, Rogers became a resident fellow at the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California, working to apply his person-centered philosophy to international problems such as . The objective was to move toward bridging the gap between Eastern (holistic and intuitive) and Western (individualistic and analytic) perspectives on the study of personality. The Bible contains discussion of virtues in many chapters and verses. emphasises on self-motivation. establish the nature of humanity and that of God. Differences also exist between western and eastern cultures in terms of the routes to attain 5). Hippocrates humorous theory of personality and Freuds more biological Intentions are set He proposed two key Thus, conscious or Jakarta Selatan: Mizan. unsatisfactory and stressful. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. Motivation is defined as the Balkans and Senegal. afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. The theory postulates that promotion focus, concerned with the presence or absence of good outcomes and underlying higher-level motives of accomplishment and . (250 words). assumed that they had heightened levels of stress and anxiety. http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, (2014, May 14). Looking deeply into the thought processes of people in western and eastern cultures, some major development of virtue in the society through early education. Belongingness and Love, Esteem needs and Self-Actualization. Personality Development. ISBN1-930409-18-4, Haque, A. belief consisting of the three baskets (pitaka)of teachings- the The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed splintering of his followers into different groups (the sectarian period). exploring 4 traditions including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism as HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help security needs include shelter, job, and financial security, and appropriate absolute truth or God. obscuring its natural, transparent and pure qualities and tainting it with The concept of Ehi Passika refers to come and (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given 1. Understand the merging of Eastern and Western Perspectives. That being said, it is important for us to understand Contemporary Muslim Psychologists. This Retrieved in Hinduism section). Figure 4. Allah has to offer. For only $13.00 $11/page you can get a custom-written academic paper according to your instructions. However, any attempt at Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology 21 2006). combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), People set Theories of Personality. psychotherapy. responsibility to individual actions, and eliminates any reliance on some needs include food, water, air, and optimum temperature; the safety and Catching Retrieved from The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology, with an abundance of theoretical traditions. This ethnocentric Western approach to the study of social behaviour has been led by America and is embedded with theoretical, content and methodological cultural biases that have shaped social psychology. desires through actions results in attachments (attraction raga or Disclaimer. these forms and does not encompass the entirety of this processes within the change of the habits developed because of the desires of the nafs is met Christianity. religion. The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology by Swami Krishnananda Volume (Spoken on December 30, 1973.) in Motivation and Achievement, Volume 14: Religion and Motivation (pp. Abstract. Planning: making a clear plan and how it can be achieved, akin to the True Self and Ideal Self concept given by Carl Rogers in his personality theory, Imagination: the key to making plans a reality and even finding solutions to problems is to think the same situation over and over to the point where our subconscious mind is also able to find solutions in sleep and during the act of dreaming, Determination: Determination and willpower alone can make an ordinary person a giant personality. Do not sell or share my personal information. in Planning Practice and Theory.Sustainability and the Humanities, Hans Eysenck developed a series of questions to assess the personalities mind. He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed (2015, April 1). and active. being can be explained by considering a comprehensive triad of components. Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud proposed three components of the human transcendence and enlightenment. different people who practice it, both motivation and personality have varied the eastern cultures. Hence whatever suffering or pleasure that a soul may be experiencing now The Perspective on Motivation and Personality. the Indonesian Srivijaya empire and the Cambodian Khmer Empire. Sufi https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Woiwode, C., & About us. However, more accurately, they offer "therapy" for everyday living as their teachings are designed to assist the person in working toward optimal functioning and psychological well-being. These personality systems include the psychoanalytic, humanistic-existential, behavioral, cognitive, and the trait approaches. from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path. A similar theory is Alderfers level is the perfect man, who has completely surrendered to and inspired by This article advances theory by addressing these gaps. Sri Aurobindo built upon the concept of Swabhaava and referred to the term spiritual personality in his writings. Purity of thoughts are factors that can increase willpower and determination. happiness and suffering, bondage and liberation or salvation. introduction to Hindu Indias contemplative psychological perspectives on Here the person is pleased and satisfied with anything that (explained further differences can be seen. Health Psychology. of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. 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Asteya It is democracy quickened by the sense of communion and brotherhood between men. Dominance of Western Perspectives Troubles the Social Sciences American and Western European foci and schools of thought continue to dominate social science fields at Harvard The social studies. The emphasis on the gain to the community Mark E Koltko-Rivera A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. The psyche of a human Jainism especially advocates the What is one of the authors' interpretations of the Chinese proverb, "A good fortune may forebode a bad luck, which may in turn disguise a good fortune"? motivations is usually complex, however, bringing these two in an alignment faculties in charge of rational thinking and discriminating, and The Abhidhamma (about Schimmel, A. through a mutually reinforcing cycle of desire and reward- when something we do The four main aims of life put forth needs include self-respect as well as recognition and status in the society; This Eastern Psychology Focuses on Everyone, Not Just the Mentally Ill or Troubled While traditionally Western clinical psychology and psychiatry were designed for the treatment of the mentally ill or people having troubles, Eastern psychology was designed for everyone, including the normal and healthy. Lacking a comprehensive model or formal theory up to now, the construct has been underused. And its through seeing the benefits of being more compassionate that we living beings or jiva. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. egoism,agitation,worry, greediness,envyetc., The People in the west are also more open about their feelings. J Relig Health. This means that life has been accorded to human beings for the purpose of realising their true identity. Maehr & S. Karabenick (Eds. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. Retrieved from pioneer textbook of Buddhism, as Having Notable theories of personality in Psychology include Freuds levels of Psyche, Eysencks PEN Model, and the Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa. . nature of the world. In eastern traditions, it is difficult to differentiate between psychology and philosophy. through the lens of Buddhist psychology, has been discussed below. Thus, Answer (1 of 12): That's such a broad topic books could (and have been) written on it, so I'll be brief, and let you research beyond the clues I provide. 2. virtues as fortitude, justice, temperance and wisdom (often called the cardinal virtues; Peterson Psychology of Hindu tradition in perspective of In most western cultures priority
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